离婚时,房子通常是最大的一笔财产,也是争议最多的一笔财产。本文为圣地亚哥和加州的读者,用加州家庭法回答三个常见问题:
- 房产证只写我的名字,房子是我的吗?
- 婚前买的房,婚后一起还贷,配偶有份吗?
- 父母出的首付,离婚时能拿回来吗?
English summary: In a California divorce, a house bought during the marriage is presumed to be community property, no matter whose name is on title. If a premarital house was paid down with community income, the community may share in its appreciation (the Moore/Marsden formula). A spouse who used separate funds for the down payment can usually be reimbursed under Family Code § 2640, without interest.
一张图看懂:房子是谁的?
离婚时原则上一人一半
Fam. Code § 760
Moore/Marsden 公式
Fam. Code § 2640
视频讲解:加州离婚房子怎么分
规则一:婚后买的房子,推定为共同财产
婚后取得的财产,推定为夫妻共同财产(Community Property)。离婚时,共同财产原则上一人一半。依据是《加州家庭法》第760条(Fam. Code § 760)。
房产证上的名字不决定房子归谁。只写一个人的名字,房子仍可能是共同财产。夫妻之间要改变财产的性质,必须有符合法律要求的书面文件(Fam. Code § 852)。

规则二:婚前买的房子,婚后一起还贷
婚前买的房子,通常仍是买方的个人财产(Separate Property)。
但是,如果婚后用共同收入(例如工资)还了房贷本金,共同体可以分到房子增值的一部分。
法院通常用 Moore/Marsden 公式计算这部分。这个公式来自两个判例:In re Marriage of Moore (1980) 28 Cal.3d 366 和 In re Marriage of Marsden (1982) 130 Cal.App.3d 426。
注意:公式只算还掉的本金。利息、房产税和保险一般不算。

规则三:用个人的钱付首付,可以要求返还
一方可能用婚前存款或父母赠与的钱,为共同房产付了首付、装修改建款或本金。离婚分割时,这一方通常可以要求返还这笔钱。依据是《加州家庭法》第2640条(Fam. Code § 2640)。返还有三个条件和限制:
- 必须用银行记录追溯(Tracing),证明钱来自个人财产。
- 没有签过放弃返还权利的书面文件。
- 返还不计利息,不按通胀调整,最多不超过分割时房子的净值。
常见问题
房产证只写我的名字,离婚时房子归我吗?
不一定。婚后买的房子推定为共同财产。法院看的是买房时间、钱的来源,以及有没有合法的书面财产协议。
婚前房产婚后还贷,配偶能分多少?
通常不是房子的一半。配偶分的是婚后用共同收入还本金所对应的那部分增值。具体数字要看买价、贷款余额、还款记录和房子的估值。
父母出的首付,离婚时能拿回来吗?
如果这笔钱是赠与您个人的,并且能追溯到首付款,通常可以要求返还,不计利息。如果您签过放弃返还的书面文件,结果可能不同。
法条原文(英文,摘自加州立法官网)
Family Code § 760
Except as otherwise provided by statute, all property, real or personal, wherever situated, acquired by a married person during the marriage while domiciled in this state is community property.
Family Code § 2640
(a) “Contributions to the acquisition of property,” as used in this section, include downpayments, payments for improvements, and payments that reduce the principal of a loan used to finance the purchase or improvement of the property but do not include payments of interest on the loan or payments made for maintenance, insurance, or taxation of the property.
(b) In the division of the community estate under this division, unless a party has made a written waiver of the right to reimbursement or has signed a writing that has the effect of a waiver, the party shall be reimbursed for the party’s contributions to the acquisition of property of the community property estate to the extent the party traces the contributions to a separate property source. The amount reimbursed shall be without interest or adjustment for change in monetary values and may not exceed the net value of the property at the time of the division.
(c) A party shall be reimbursed for the party’s separate property contributions to the acquisition of property of the other spouse’s separate property estate during the marriage, unless there has been a transmutation in writing pursuant to Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 850) of Part 2 of Division 4, or a written waiver of the right to reimbursement. The amount reimbursed shall be without interest or adjustment for change in monetary values and may not exceed the net value of the property at the time of the division.
来源:Fam. Code § 760;Fam. Code § 2640(California Legislative Information)。
小结
- 婚后买的房子:推定为共同财产。
- 婚前买的房子,婚后还贷:共同体可能分一部分增值。
- 用个人的钱付首付:能追溯来源,通常可要求返还。
每个案件的情况不同。请保存好银行记录、贷款记录和购房文件。
Chung Law Firm, LLP 位于圣地亚哥 La Jolla,代理加州家庭法案件,服务南加州(圣地亚哥、洛杉矶、橙县、河滨、圣贝纳迪诺、圣塔芭芭拉、克恩县)及湾区(旧金山、圣马特奥、圣塔克拉拉、阿拉米达、康特拉科斯塔)。如需针对您个案的分析,欢迎来电 858-952-0711 预约付费咨询。
本文仅为一般法律信息分享,不构成法律意见,阅读本文亦不建立律师与客户关系。如有具体问题,请咨询持有加州执照的律师。

