拿着绿卡出国,回美国的时候,海关一定只是“欢迎回家”吗?不一定。移民法规定了六种例外情况。
- 绿卡持有人回美国,什么时候会被当作“申请入境”?
- 连续出国超过180天会怎样?
- 被当作“申请入境”有什么后果?
English summary: Under INA § 101(a)(13)(C) (8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(13)(C)), a lawful permanent resident who returns to the United States is generally not regarded as seeking an admission, unless one of six listed exceptions applies. The most common one is an absence from the United States for a continuous period of more than 180 days. If the returning resident is treated as seeking admission, he or she may be examined for grounds of inadmissibility, as a new arrival would be. Green card holders who plan a long trip abroad, or who have a criminal record, should get advice before they leave.
一张图看懂:绿卡持有人回美国
INA § 101(a)(13)(C)
一般不被当作“申请入境”
被当作“申请入境”
海关可以审查是否有不可入境的情形
视频讲解:绿卡出国超过180天,回美国会怎样?
规则一:一般不被当作“申请入境”
移民法规定,绿卡持有人回到美国,一般不被当作“申请入境”(INA § 101(a)(13)(C))。例外是法律列出的六种情况之一。

规则二:法律列出的六种例外
以下是中文概括,不是法条原文(原文见文末):
- 放弃了绿卡身份;
- 连续离开美国超过180天;
- 离境后有违法活动;
- 在驱逐或引渡程序进行中离境;
- 有法律列明的特定犯罪;
- 没有经过移民官检查就入境。

规则三:最常见的是连续离开美国超过180天
六种例外中,最常见的是第二条。法律原文是这样写的:
(ii) has been absent from the United States for a continuous period in excess of 180 days,

规则四:被当作“申请入境”的后果
一旦被当作“申请入境”,海关就可以像审查新入境的人一样,审查你是否有不可入境的情形。

规则五:长期出境前,先评估
计划长时间离开美国、或有过犯罪记录的绿卡持有人,出境前先找律师评估。

常见问题
绿卡持有人每次回美国,都会被当作重新申请入境吗?
不会。绿卡持有人回到美国,一般不被当作“申请入境”,除非出现法律列出的六种情况之一(INA § 101(a)(13)(C))。
连续出国超过180天,回美国会怎样?
连续离开美国超过180天,是六种例外之一。一旦被当作“申请入境”,海关就可以审查是否有不可入境的情形。
打算长时间出国,什么时候应该咨询律师?
出境前。计划长时间离开美国、或有过犯罪记录的绿卡持有人,出境前先找律师评估。
法条原文(英文,摘自官方网站)
INA § 101(a)(13)(C)(8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(13)(C))
(C) An alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States shall not be regarded as seeking an admission into the United States for purposes of the immigration laws unless the alien—
(i) has abandoned or relinquished that status,
(ii) has been absent from the United States for a continuous period in excess of 180 days,
(iii) has engaged in illegal activity after having departed the United States,
(iv) has departed from the United States while under legal process seeking removal of the alien from the United States, including removal proceedings under this chapter and extradition proceedings,
(v) has committed an offense identified in section 1182(a)(2) of this title, unless since such offense the alien has been granted relief under section 1182(h) or 1229b(a) of this title, or
(vi) is attempting to enter at a time or place other than as designated by immigration officers or has not been admitted to the United States after inspection and authorization by an immigration officer.
来源:INA § 101(a)(13)(C)(Office of the Law Revision Counsel, uscode.house.gov)。
小结
- 绿卡持有人回美国,一般不被当作“申请入境”。
- 法律列出六种例外,最常见的是连续离开美国超过180天。
- 被当作“申请入境”后,海关可以审查是否有不可入境的情形。
计划长期出境前,先评估。具体情况,请咨询持牌律师。
Chung Law Firm, LLP 位于加州圣地亚哥 La Jolla,办理美国移民与入籍事务。如需针对您个案的分析,欢迎来电 858-952-0711 预约付费咨询。
本文仅为一般法律信息分享,不构成法律意见,阅读本文亦不建立律师与客户关系。文中英文法条摘自发布时的官方文本。每个案件情况不同,具体情况,请咨询持牌律师。

